Ostomy

• An Ostomy is a surgical procedure creating a stoma to reroute bodily waste.
• Common types include colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy, each serving a specific purpose.
• Effective ostomy care and management are crucial for preventing complications and maintaining quality of life.
• Living with an ostomy bag involves adapting to new routines, managing diet, and seeking support for physical and emotional well-being.
• With proper care and support, individuals can lead full and active lives post-surgery.

What is Ostomy?

Ostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening, or stoma, on the surface of the abdomen. This opening allows for the passage of stool or urine when the natural route is no longer functional due to disease, injury, or congenital anomaly. The stoma is typically red and moist, resembling the inside lining of the mouth, and has no nerve endings, so it is not painful to touch.

The primary purpose of an ostomy is to divert the flow of waste products from the body, providing relief and improving health for individuals with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, diverticulitis, or severe abdominal trauma. Approximately 750,000 to 1 million Americans are estimated to be living with an ostomy, according to the United Ostomy Associations of America (UOAA).

Types of Ostomy Surgery and Management

There are several types of ostomy surgery, each named according to the part of the intestine or urinary tract involved. The choice of ostomy depends on the underlying medical condition and the specific section of the bowel or bladder that needs to be bypassed or removed. The three main types are colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy.

• Colostomy: Involves bringing a part of the colon (large intestine) through the abdominal wall to form a stoma. Stool from a colostomy can range from soft to formed, depending on which part of the colon is used.
• Ileostomy: Involves bringing a part of the ileum (small intestine) through the abdominal wall. Stool from an ileostomy is typically liquid or pasty, as it bypasses the large intestine where water absorption primarily occurs.
• Urostomy: Involves diverting urine from the bladder, usually by creating a conduit from a small segment of the intestine, which is then brought to the surface of the abdomen to form a stoma.

Effective ostomy care and management are critical for preventing complications and ensuring comfort. This involves regularly emptying and changing the pouching system, maintaining skin integrity around the stoma, and monitoring for any signs of infection or irritation. Patients receive comprehensive education from healthcare professionals on how to manage their ostomy, including proper hygiene, diet adjustments, and recognizing potential issues.

Living with an Ostomy Bag

Adapting to living with an ostomy bag is a significant adjustment, but with proper support and education, individuals can maintain a high quality of life. Many concerns revolve around body image, social acceptance, and practical aspects of daily living. Modern ostomy pouches are discreet, odor-proof, and secure, allowing individuals to participate in most activities they enjoyed before surgery, including work, travel, and exercise.

Dietary considerations are important for individuals with an ostomy, particularly with an ileostomy, to prevent blockages and manage output consistency. Hydration is also key. Emotional and psychological support is invaluable, often provided through support groups, ostomy nurses, and mental health professionals, helping individuals adjust to their new body image and regain confidence. Open communication with family, friends, and partners can also facilitate a smoother transition and foster understanding.