Sclerotherapy

• Sclerotherapy is a non-surgical treatment for varicose and spider veins.
• It involves injecting a sclerosant solution into the vein, causing it to close.
• The procedure is effective for improving both the appearance and symptoms of venous insufficiency.
• Common applications include treating varicose veins, spider veins, and certain lymphatic malformations.
• Patients typically experience mild side effects and a relatively quick recovery period.

What is Sclerotherapy?

Sclerotherapy is a medical procedure used to treat varicose veins and spider veins. It involves injecting a solution, called a sclerosant, directly into the affected vein. This solution irritates the lining of the blood vessel, causing it to swell, stick together, and eventually scar. Over time, the treated vein fades from view and the blood is rerouted through healthier veins. The procedure is a well-established and effective treatment, often chosen for its minimally invasive nature compared to surgical alternatives. It helps alleviate symptoms such as aching, swelling, burning, and night cramps associated with venous insufficiency, while also improving the cosmetic appearance of the legs.

Sclerotherapy Procedure and Applications

The sclerotherapy procedure explained typically begins with a consultation where a healthcare provider assesses the patient’s veins and overall health to determine suitability for the treatment. During the procedure, the skin over the target vein is cleaned, and the sclerosant solution is injected using a very fine needle. The type and concentration of the solution depend on the size and location of the vein being treated. After the injection, compression is often applied to the area, either manually or with a compression stocking, to help keep the vein closed and prevent blood from re-entering. The entire process usually takes between 15 to 45 minutes, depending on the number and size of veins being treated.

Sclerotherapy for varicose veins is one of its most common and effective applications. Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that often appear blue or dark purple, typically on the legs. They can cause discomfort, pain, and sometimes more serious complications like skin ulcers. Sclerotherapy is also highly effective for treating spider veins, which are smaller, web-like veins close to the skin’s surface. Beyond these common venous conditions, sclerotherapy can also be used for other applications, including:

• Treating certain lymphatic malformations.
• Addressing hemorrhoids, though less common than other methods.
• Managing recurrent hydroceles or cysts.

Multiple sessions may be required to achieve optimal results, especially for extensive varicose vein networks.

Sclerotherapy Side Effects and Recovery

Patients undergoing sclerotherapy side effects recovery can expect a relatively straightforward process, though some temporary side effects are common. Immediately after the procedure, patients are usually encouraged to walk to promote blood flow and prevent clots. Compression stockings or bandages are often recommended for several days or weeks to maintain pressure on the treated veins, aiding in their closure and reducing swelling.

Common side effects include:

• Bruising and swelling around the injection site.
• Skin discoloration (brown lines or spots) that usually fades over several months.
• Temporary tenderness or itching in the treated area.
• Small, temporary sores or scabs at the injection site.
• Rarely, a small trapped blood clot may form, which can be drained by the doctor.

Serious complications, such as allergic reactions, deep vein thrombosis, or skin ulceration, are rare but possible. Most individuals can resume normal daily activities immediately after the procedure, though strenuous exercise is typically advised against for a few days. Full recovery and the fading of treated veins can take several weeks to months, with the most noticeable improvements appearing after subsequent sessions if needed. Regular follow-up appointments help monitor progress and address any concerns.