Zafirlukast

• Zafirlukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for the long-term treatment of asthma.
• It works by blocking the action of leukotrienes, substances in the body that cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
• The medication is not intended for acute asthma attacks but rather for preventing symptoms.
• Common side effects can include headache, nausea, and abdominal pain.
• Important warnings include potential liver problems and neuropsychiatric events.

What is Zafirlukast and How It Works

Zafirlukast is an oral medication classified as a leukotriene receptor antagonist. It is prescribed for the long-term management of asthma in adults and children aged 5 years and older. This medication helps to prevent asthma symptoms, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, by targeting specific inflammatory pathways in the body.

To understand how Zafirlukast medication work, it’s essential to know about leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are naturally occurring chemicals in the body that are released during an allergic reaction or in response to certain triggers. These substances cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways), and mucus production in the lungs, all of which contribute to asthma symptoms. Zafirlukast works by blocking the receptors for leukotrienes (specifically, the cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor, CysLT1). By inhibiting these receptors, Zafirlukast prevents leukotrienes from binding and exerting their effects, thereby reducing inflammation, relaxing the airways, and decreasing mucus secretion. This mechanism helps to improve lung function and reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks.

What is Zafirlukast Used For?

Zafirlukast is primarily indicated for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma. It is not designed to relieve acute asthma attacks, and patients should continue to use their rescue inhalers for sudden breathing difficulties. Instead, it serves as a maintenance therapy, often used in conjunction with other asthma medications, to control persistent asthma symptoms and improve overall lung function. The medication helps to reduce the need for short-acting beta-agonists and can improve quality of life for individuals with asthma. It is particularly beneficial for patients whose asthma is triggered by allergens or exercise, as leukotrienes play a significant role in these types of asthma.

Zafirlukast Side Effects and Warnings

Like all medications, Zafirlukast side effects and warnings are important considerations for patients and healthcare providers. Common side effects are generally mild and may include:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Dizziness
• Muscle aches

More serious, though less common, side effects can occur. These include liver problems, which may manifest as dark urine, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), or persistent nausea and vomiting. Patients should be monitored for signs of liver dysfunction. Additionally, neuropsychiatric events such as agitation, aggression, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, insomnia, irritability, restlessness, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and tremor have been reported. Patients experiencing any of these symptoms should contact their doctor immediately.

Zafirlukast drug information also highlights several important warnings. It should not be used by individuals with known hypersensitivity to Zafirlukast or any of its components. Caution is advised in patients with pre-existing liver impairment. It is also important to note that Zafirlukast can interact with other medications, such as warfarin, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. Therefore, patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking. The medication should be taken on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after meals, as food can significantly reduce its bioavailability.