Pelargonium

• Pelargonium is a genus of flowering plants, distinct from true Geraniums, known for their ornamental appeal.
• They come in various forms, including Zonal, Ivy-leaf, Scented-leaf, Regal, and Angel types, each with unique characteristics.
• Successful cultivation requires ample sunlight, well-draining soil, consistent watering, and protection from frost.
• Regular deadheading and appropriate fertilization promote continuous blooming and healthy growth.

What is Pelargonium?

Pelargonium is a genus of approximately 200 species of flowering plants in the family Geraniaceae, native to Southern Africa. Often mistakenly referred to as “geraniums,” especially in horticulture, true Geraniums belong to a different genus within the same family. Pelargoniums are distinguished by their irregular flowers and a nectar spur that runs down the flower stalk. These plants are cultivated globally for their decorative flowers and, in some species, for their aromatic leaves, which are used in perfumes, essential oils, and flavorings.

The widespread popularity of Pelargonium stems from its adaptability, long blooming season, and the vast array of flower colors, shapes, and leaf textures available. They thrive in various climates, making them suitable for bedding plants, container gardening, and even indoor cultivation in cooler regions.

Types of Pelargonium Flowers

The diversity within the genus is remarkable, offering a wide range of types of Pelargonium flowers and foliage to suit different aesthetic preferences and growing conditions. Understanding these types can help gardeners choose the best varieties for their specific needs.

• Zonal Pelargoniums (Pelargonium x hortorum): These are perhaps the most common type, characterized by their upright growth, rounded leaves often marked with a distinct “zone” of darker color, and large clusters of single or double flowers. They are excellent for bedding and containers.
• Ivy-leaf Pelargoniums (Pelargonium peltatum): Known for their trailing habit and glossy, ivy-shaped leaves, these are ideal for hanging baskets and window boxes. Their flowers are typically smaller than zonals but equally vibrant.
• Scented-leaf Pelargoniums: Cultivated primarily for their aromatic foliage, which releases scents like rose, lemon, mint, or nutmeg when touched. Their flowers are usually small and less showy. These are often used in culinary applications or potpourri.
• Regal Pelargoniums (Pelargonium grandiflorum): Also known as Martha Washington geraniums, these feature large, showy flowers with intricate markings, often in rich, deep colors. They prefer cooler temperatures and have a shorter blooming period compared to zonals.
• Angel Pelargoniums: A hybrid of Regal and Scented-leaf types, they have smaller, crinkled leaves and dainty, often bi-colored flowers, resembling pansies. They have a compact, bushy growth habit.

Growing and Caring for Pelargonium

Providing proper care is essential for a thriving Pelargonium display. A comprehensive pelargonium care guide emphasizes several key factors to ensure healthy growth and abundant flowering. These plants generally prefer full sun, meaning at least six hours of direct sunlight per day, which is crucial for prolific blooming. In extremely hot climates, some afternoon shade can prevent leaf scorch.

Well-draining soil is paramount to prevent root rot. A good quality potting mix for containers or amended garden soil with excellent drainage is ideal. Water Pelargoniums thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, allowing excess water to drain away. Overwatering is a common cause of plant decline. During the growing season, from spring to late summer, feed plants every 2-4 weeks with a balanced liquid fertilizer. Regular deadheading, which involves removing spent flowers, encourages the plant to produce more blooms and maintains a tidy appearance. Pelargoniums are sensitive to frost and should be brought indoors or protected during colder months if grown in temperate regions.